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Turf Without Borders

Asian Turfgrass Center

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When I visit golf courses, I ask a standard series of questions about grass types, mowing heights, maintenance work, and site-specific maintenance challenges. In this show, I speak with turfgrass managers around the world, asking them the same questions about the work at their location.
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ATC Office Hours

Asian Turfgrass Center

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I discuss technical turfgrass topics with turfgrass managers, scientists, greenkeepers, and whoever drops by the ATC office hours. There's a lot of talk about the work done to create playing surfaces for golf, and also about growing grass for sporting surfaces of all sort, and also some talk of lawns.
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I discuss ATC blog posts, with supplementary information, stories, and the reasons why I thought the topic was worth writing about, and worth reading about. Thus, a doublecut of these topics. This covers grass selection, playability, and all the work done to create a certain type of turfgrass surface.
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The #MLSN method for nutrient recommendations involves an MLSN value that the soil is not supposed to drop below. But what does this value mean, when converted from the usual units of ppm (mg/kg) to how many years it would take grass to use that much of the element? The blog post discussed is https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/soil-nutrients-and-e…
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Chris Tritabaugh and I share and comment on the latest #OM246 test results from what is now a time series stretching over the past seven growing seasons. We discuss what has changed, what hasn't, how surfaces perform, and how total organic material (TOM, or #OM246) data can be used to nudge surface conditions in the desired direction. Turf Without …
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Craig Wyatt is the Golf Course Manager at Abbey Hill Golf Centre in Milton Keynes, England. We discuss leaves, leatherjacks, #ClipVol, and a lot more in this episode of Turf Without Borders. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free AT…
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This episode explains the steps I'd take to change greens from too hard (surface hardness and ball bounce, not hard as in difficulty) to just right. It follows that the opposite steps could be taken to move greens from too soft to just right. The blog post discussed is https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/to-keep-green-soft/ The ball bounce video fr…
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Expressing sand quantities as a depth makes communication easier. But to know the depth, you need to know how much sand was applied to begin with. I've been surprised at how many turf managers don't know the exact amount applied. This short episode explains why I think you should measure sand amounts. Blog post discussed was https://www.asianturfgr…
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I explain how I answered a couple questions about how much N and how much sand a particular grass might require. Specifically, I recommend adjusting N based on #ClipVol and sand based on #OM246. Blog post discussed: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/sand-nitrogen-measuring-guessing/ OM246 calculator: https://asianturfgrass.shinyapps.io/om246/ Rea…
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Thomas Pihl, Mads Andersen, and Martin Nilsson joined ATC Office Hours to discuss the challenges, techniques, successes, and failures involved with pesticide-free turfgrass management in Denmark. Turf Without Borders show page: https://turfwb.asianturfgrass.com/ ATC soil tests: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/project/soil-tests/ PACE Turf tour: http…
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The New York Golf Economic & Environmental Impact Report has interesting results for MLSN and ClipVol usage in New York. 58% of golf courses measure clipping volume and 47% interpret soil tests using MLSN. Blog post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/survey-says-mlsn-clipping-volume-golf-courses-new-york/ Full report: https://www.newyorkgolfimpac…
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Piper and Oakley wrote that "there is nothing mysteriously beneficial in their formulas" and that mixed fertilizers are "extensively advertised" but "are not to be recommended." Arthur wrote that soil testing is a "commercial gimmick" and that fine turf with clippings collected needs only "a little nitrogen in spring, no phosphates, and very little…
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I explain why I recommend collecting soil nutrient samples to a 10 cm (4 inch depth). I also discuss the importance of repeated soil sampling in order to check the change in test results over time. I look at a photo gallery from the 2025 Danish Golf Championship. Posts discussed include: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/recommended-soil-sampling…
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My Short Grammar of Greenkeeping book is one of the required books for turf class at Horry-Georgetown Technical College in South Carolina. Professor Jim Huntoon joined me to discuss the book, why he uses it for teaching, and how the internship (or summer cooperative work experience) program works. We discussed this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.…
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Janne Lehto from Hirsala Golf in Finland attended the 15th International Turfgrass Research Conference (ITRC) in Japan. We discussed the heat and humidity in Japan during summer, saunas, his golfing experiences in Japan, and the ITRC. The blog post with information about heat and humidity is: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/japan-hot-humid-lati…
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John Forrest and Jeff Austen joined me from Western Australia to discuss layers in the rootzone, the educational system and apprenticeships, and sand. We looked at photos of layers in this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/layers-in-the-rootzone/ Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite o…
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Janne is the golf course manager at Hirsala Golf near Helsinki. We discussed winter, robotic mowing, and maintenance at 60 degrees north. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free ATC newsletters at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/newsl…
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How do you compare sands to show to what degree one is finer or coarser than another? I've been trying to figure out an easy way to visualize this with comparison to reference materials. Adam Moeller joined me to discuss sands, Ksat, the coefficient of uniformity, particle sizes, and more. We discussed this blog post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com…
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John Emerson is an extension agent for the University of Delaware who has completed a statewide soil sampling project from good performing turf across the state. We talked about this project, and about nutrient management of turfgrass more generally, in this episode. We discussed this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/good-turf-bad-turf-and…
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Dr. Ming-Yi Chou joined me for a short discussion about this topic at the ITRC. Now we discuss this on ATC Office Hours and answer a few questions. For more, see: - https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/fungicides-and-disease-intensity/ - https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01771-24 - Tour de Fungus 2022 https://youtube.com/shorts/x36-KkZ_VFo?si=GNLNsCtRFvUq…
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The D50 is a value that represents the median particle diameter in a sand. I calculated the D50 for 302 sands from around the world, and 15% of them are finer than the limit defined by the USGA Recommendations for a Method of Putting Green Construction. Read about this at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/d50-median-sand-diameter/ Read more about…
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Head greenkeeper Dave Edmondson joined me to discuss links management, fescue, bent, rabbits, #GvX, and #OM246 in this episode from the west of Scotland. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free ATC newsletters at https://www.asiantur…
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I explain that moving from full sun to tree shade reduced photosynthetically active radiation by about 80%. I show an app, and a PACE Turf document, that will allow you to find both PPFD and DLI no matter where you are located. I discussed these links: - https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/shade-and-sun/ - https://asianturfgrass.shinyapps.io/ppfd_b…
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John Petrovsky is manager of USGA Green Section Education. He is also the host of the USGA Green Section podcast. We discussed a recent episode about GvX that had an especially insightful quote from Chris Tritabaugh. Also, the U.S. Open, championship golf, clipping volume, and even a bit about MLSN. Links for topics we discussed include: USGA Green…
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Geoff Fenn and I discussed the use of the turfgrass growth potential (GP) in the UK, optimum temperatures, the GvX, clipping volume, and more in this episode that started with a look at this blog post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/number-between-1-0-using-the-turfgrass-growth-potential/ See also this on GP and adjustments: https://www.asiant…
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John Mann discussed creeping bentgrass and green couch (Cynodon) management in Melbourne's Sandbelt. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free ATC newsletters at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/newsletter/ ATC soil testing page: https:/…
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Hazel Manarang is the senior golf course superintendent for Golforce Incorporated in the Philippines and is assigned to the 36 holes at The Orchard, with Tifeagle on the Palmer Course and Sea Isle 2000 seashore paspalum on the Player Course. For the sand topdressing amount, 500 cubic meters spread over 6 acres is about 20 mm of sand. Read more abou…
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I discussed some green speed and green firmness data from measurements made at the Sky RKB Ladies Classic tournament, and I explained why the geometric mean rather than the arithmetic mean can be especially useful (and safe) when dealing with soil nutrient data. Green speed change from morning to afternoon: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/speed…
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Bjarni Hannesson is the course manager at Golfklúbbur Mosfellsbæjar near Reykjavik, Iceland. We talked about the golfing season, tee times that nearly reach 22:00, wind speeds and green speed, the types of grasses used, and robotic mowers. STERF's ROBO-GOLF site: https://sterf.org/projects/robo-golf/ ROBO-GOLF final report: https://sterf.org/wp-con…
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Mark Hooker is the Director of Agronomy at Royal Auckland and Grange Golf Club in New Zealand. We talked about managing couch (Cynodon) fairways, Pure Distinction greens and tees, and fine fescue rough. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/…
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Eric Ruhs is the golf course superintendent at Ottawa Hunt & Golf Club. We discussed grass types, soil conditions, staff scheduling, and managing 27 holes in Canada's capital city. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free ATC newslett…
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In this episode I picked some of my favorite photos from 2024, and I remembered what I learned from them. From roots, layers, OM246, zoysia greens, and drought, to loupes, turf farms, compost, and bermudagrass. I discussed this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/flights-favorite-turf-photos-2024/ Here's the sand vs. compost ball bounce video…
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Matthew Perry is the golf course superintendent at Emirates Golf Club. We discussed managing 45 holes, night golf, desert temperatures, tournaments, and working in the dark. Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at https://www.paceturf.org/ Get free ATC newsletters at …
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Bhupendra Singh is the golf course superintendent at Aamby Valley Golf Club in India. He is the author of Playing for the Game, available at https://a.co/d/2nUOXq6 and The Kingdom of Artesia, available at https://a.co/d/98SXErp Read more about all kinds of turfgrass topics at https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ Find a suite of decision-making tools at …
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There have been a lot of conversations about soil water content and surface hardness (firmness). I discuss some measurements that I have made, and suggest some of the old posts on the ATC website that discuss this topic. Specific posts discussed include: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/measuring-surface-hardness-on-greens-fairways-and-approache…
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Jason came up with the GvX idea in a flash of inspiration that he describes here. This is the actual growth of the grass compared to the expected growth of the grass, and it has surprising practical implications. We discussed the development and use of the #TurfGvX in this episode. We discussed this blog post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/ex…
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Achieving the lowest possible #OM246 total organic material value is not desirable, because the living plant material is part of the OM measured with this method. I discussed this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/om246-measures-living-om-too/ @keyakeeper469 and I discussed 8 years of OM246 in https://youtu.be/8B3FQhvSIdI OM246 project page…
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A common way to calculate average daily temperature is to take the sum of the daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures, and to divide by two. A better statistical approximation of the average temperature is to take measurements made every hour and then to find the mean value of those continuous measurements. This blog post shows a comparison of…
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Joe Gulotti joined me to discuss his new job, The Talking Greenkeeper, and the ten posts on the ATC website that no one (practically) read in 2024. This is the post that lists all the "bombs:" https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/ten-posts-no-one-read-2024/ The Talking Greenkeeper catalog is at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-talking-green…
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Although turf research is often done with fertilizer treatments applied at constant rates and on a fixed calendar schedule, that way of supplying nutrients seems strange to me now. I explain why in this episode, and suggest a better method. We discussed this post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/fertilizer-schedule-seems-strange-to-me-now/ Read…
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I recommend 4 podcast episodes and one useful app that calculates sand topdressing amounts, then quickly discuss the top 10 new posts from the ATC website in 2024. Would you like to comment or have questions about this episode? Reply on Bluesky Here are topic links: - https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/top-10-posts-2024/ - https://www.asianturfgra…
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Green speed varies because of many factors. One of those factors is clipping volume. I discuss that relationship and give some advice for those getting started with clipping volume and wanting to know how to adjust it. We discussed this blog post: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/getting-started-with-clipping-volume/ Potassium increases dollar s…
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Did you know there was a time when up to to 2 lbs N per 1000 square feet per growing month, the equivalent of 100 kg of actual N per ha per month, was a standard recommendation for putting green turf? I talk about this and some implications in this episode. The ATC post getting the double cut treatment is https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/nitroge…
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Join me, along with Chris Tritabaugh from Hazeltine National GC, as we review autumn soil test results. We especially look at the #OM246 total organic material results, and discuss those in the context of maintenance work done, changes in the test results from past years, and most importantly, the relation of the tests to putting green performance.…
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Bill Kreuser from GreenKeeper joined me to discuss how much grass grows, the complicated problems involved when sand is mixed with clippings, growth regulator adjustments, leaf nutrient content, soil surfactant effect duration, and more. #ClipVol We discussed the "Sand in clippings" post from the ATC website: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/san…
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Frank Rossi, Ph.D. is the New York State extension turfgrass specialist at Cornell University. We talked about mentorship, potassium, turf nutrition, smoothness of putting greens, dogma, data, budgets, and more. Here are some links: - https://cals.cornell.edu/frank-s-rossi - New podcast, Turf Without Borders: https://turfwb.asianturfgrass.com/episo…
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The PACE Turf growth potential equation has one variable (the actual air temperature) and two constants. The constants are optimum air temperature and a term for variance that controls the shape of the curve as the actual temperature moves away from the optimum temperature. It's a little more complicated than that, because the constants change depe…
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Jon Wood is the Course Manager at the Old, New & Jubilee Courses at St. Andrews, Scotland. We discussed the maintenance of these courses. PACE Turf: https://www.paceturf.org/ ATC: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/ ATC podcast network: https://asianturfgrass.transistor.fm/ ATC soil testing page: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/project/soil-tests/…
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You can expect soil organic matter to be 5% nitrogen, and you can expect from 1 to 4% of that organic nitrogen to mineralize in one year. You can also calculate estimated daily mineralization and sum it to get weekly, monthly, and annual totals. The blog post discussed is: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/estimating-nitrogen-mineralization-an-ex…
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This episode introduces multiple experiments that have demonstrated a link between rapid measurement of clipping volume and the clipping yield. Clipping yield is typically expressed as dry weight per area. Links to the articles discussed are in the blog post. Blog post on Converting Clipping Volume to Dry Weight: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post…
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Leah Brilman, Ph.D., is the Director of Product Management & Technical Services for Seed Research by DLF. We discussed velvet bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, and browntop bentgrass, along with seed production and grass performance. The bentgrass posts at the ATC website are at this link: https://www.asianturfgrass.com/tag/bentgrass/ To see the word …
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Andrew McDaniel has been watching webinars to get education points, and some of these have been about management of soil organic matter on putting greens. We discussed a particular article and whether that method is something that seems reasonable today. The blog post we discussed is https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/a-chance-to-update-my-advice/…
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