Daily stories from the world of information security. To delve into any daily story, head to CISOseries.com.
…
continue reading
Cyber Security Podcasts
Expert analysis, insights and opinion on the national security challenges facing Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
Daily cybersecurity news for practitioners. Vulnerabilities, defenses, threats, network security insight, research and more to make you sound smarter as you get to the office in the morning. New each weekday.
…
continue reading

1
Defensive Security Podcast - Malware, Hacking, Cyber Security & Infosec
Jerry Bell and Andrew Kalat
Defensive Security is a weekly information security podcast which reviews recent high profile cyber security breaches, data breaches, malware infections and intrusions to identify lessons that we can learn and apply to the organizations we protect.
…
continue reading
Cybermidnight Club– Hackers, Cyber Security and Cyber Crime is a trailblazing podcast by Alberto Daniel Hill, an expert in cybersecurity and the first person in Uruguay to serve prison for a computer-related crime. A crime he isn’t guilty of, perhaps one which never happened. Join Alberto as he dives deep into the world of hackers and cybersecurity in his riveting podcast. In this series, Alberto provides firsthand insights into the dark web and expert analysis of cybersecurity issues that a ...
…
continue reading
Step into the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity with the offensive security group from SecurIT360. We’re bringing you fresh content from our journeys into penetration testing, threat research and various other interesting topics. [email protected]
…
continue reading
The teissPodcast is dedicated to cybersecurity. We’ll host interviews with industry experts who’ll share commentary and advice on the latest threats and challenges that currently face our world.
…
continue reading
CyberNorth's podcast, news and views of the cyber security industry from in and around the North East.
…
continue reading
Deception, influence, and social engineering in the world of cyber crime.
…
continue reading
We are going to teach you how to defend yourself against cybercrime, privacy abuse, vehicle hacking, bomb drones and cyber warfare, REGARDLESS of your proficiency with computers. Because you don't have to be technical to survive the Digital Age!
…
continue reading
Embark on a journey with us as we explore the realms of cybersecurity, IT security, business, news, technology, and the interconnected global geopolitical landscape. Tune in, unwind with your preferred cup of java (not script), and engage in thought-provoking discussions that delve into the dynamic evolution of the world around us.
…
continue reading
Every fortnight, host Hazel Burton brings on a new guest from Talos or the broader Cisco Security world to break down a complicated security topic. We cover everything from breaking news to attacker trends and emerging threats.
…
continue reading
Hacks, scams, cyber crimes, and other shenanigans explored and explained. Presented by your friendly neighborhood cybersecurity gal Michele Bousquet.
…
continue reading
Explore the critical intersection of cybersecurity and business impact while gaining insights into CISO priorities with "Reimagining Cyber." Stay informed on the latest cybersecurity news, trends, and solutions tailored for today's CISOs and CIOs. Hosted by Rob Aragao a seasoned security strategist with OpenText, this podcast is your go-to resource for staying updated on cybersecurity developments and addressing common challenges in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. As featured on Mill ...
…
continue reading
Cybersecurity guru Steve Gibson joins Leo Laporte every Tuesday. Steve and Leo break down the latest cybercrime and hacking stories, offering a deep understanding of what's happening and how to protect yourself and your business. Security Now is a must listen for security professionals every week. Records live every Tuesday at 4:30pm Eastern / 1:30pm Pacific / 20:30 UTC.
…
continue reading
The mnemonic security podcast is a place where IT Security professionals can go to obtain insight into what their peers are working with and thinking about.
…
continue reading
Tresorit's own produced podcast, bringing you biweekly insights on business, security and technology. If you have any questions or feedback, please write to us at [email protected].
…
continue reading
A podcast focusing on the intersection between cybersecurity, national security, and geopolitics
…
continue reading
On WE’RE IN!, you'll hear from the newsmakers and innovators who are making waves and driving the cyber security industry forward. We talk to them about their stories, the future of the industry, their best practices, and more.
…
continue reading
THEOS CyberNova is a cutting-edge podcast that explores the dynamic world of cybersecurity, hosted by THEOS Cyber CEO Paul Jackson. Each episode delves into the latest trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the cybersecurity landscape, featuring insights from industry experts, thought leaders, and technologists. Paul brings his expertise and passion for cyber security to engaging discussions on topics ranging from emerging threats and data privacy to the future of AI in cyber defense. W ...
…
continue reading
On the front lines of technology and business there is a battle of survival. Behind the scenes, businesses are on a mission to keep a vigilant watch for threats in an ongoing Cyber War. But it’s not just about malware, ransomware, and breaches anymore. The obstacles and barriers companies face today are bigger and badder than ever — and these cyber threats are forcing them to prove they’re secure for the future. So when you need answers to win the battle, tune into Cyber Security America wit ...
…
continue reading
Cyber Security can be a difficult field to not only understand but to also navigate. Joe South is here to help with over a decade of experience across several domains of security. With this podcast I hope to help more people get into IT and Cyber Security as well as discussing modern day Cyber Security topics you may find in the daily news. Come join us as we learn and grow together!
…
continue reading
A podcast for anyone and everyone interested in leadership in the cybersecurity industry - we talk about the challenges impacting our industry & how leadership can address that and gain insights, advice and the occasional anecdote from experienced leaders who are happy to share their stories with us!
…
continue reading
Explore the life of a security leader with NetSPI Field Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) Nabil Hannan. Hear how CISOs with diverse expertise tackle the challenges and opportunities that come with life on the frontlines of cybersecurity.
…
continue reading
This is a weekly podcast on cyber security domains. We discuss, dissect and demystify the world of security by providing an in-depth coverage on the cybersecurity topics that matter most. All these in plain easy to understand language. Like it, share it, and most importantly enjoy it!
…
continue reading
Without trust, society stagnates, economies decline, and businesses fail. This podcast series keeps abreast of the latest trends and challenges in cyber and physical security with interviews, event updates, industry suppliers & government initiatives.
…
continue reading
Dive deep into AI's accelerating role in securing cloud environments to protect applications and data. In each episode, we showcase its potential to transform our approach to security in the face of an increasingly complex threat landscape. Tune in as we illuminate the complexities at the intersection of AI and security, a space where innovation meets continuous vigilance.
…
continue reading
Learn the latest Cybersecurity updates in the tech world.
…
continue reading
Welcome to "Cyber Security", the podcast that dives deep into the ever-evolving world of digital protection. Each episode explores the latest cyber threats, data breaches, hacking techniques, and the tools and strategies used to defend against them. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, IT professional, or just curious about how to stay safe online, this show offers expert insights, real-world case studies, and practical advice to help you navigate the complex digital landscape. Tune in and stay ...
…
continue reading
Brought to you by IT Audit Labs. Trusted cyber security experts and their guests discuss common security threats, threat actor techniques and other industry topics. IT Audit Labs provides organizations with the leverage of a network of partners and specialists suited for your needs. We are experts at assessing security risk and compliance, while providing administrative and technical controls to improve our clients’ data security. Our threat assessments find the soft spots before the bad g ...
…
continue reading
What is Cybersecurity? What are the available roles? How do you get started? What industry certifications should I pursue? Dr. Jeff Colburn has 30 years of experience in the Information Technology industry. For the past 11 years, he has been teaching his students how to start careers in this field within 6 months without a college degree and without any experience.
…
continue reading
Learn how to break into cybersecurity, build new skills and move up the career ladder. Each week on the Cyber Work Podcast, host Chris Sienko sits down with thought leaders from Carbon Black, IBM, CompTIA and others to discuss the latest cybersecurity workforce trends.
…
continue reading
The opportunity to delve into the 'mindsz' of industry leaders in technology and cyber security.
…
continue reading
The DailyCyber Podcast and New Live Stream every Wednesday at 1:00 pm EDT is focused on providing the truth into the Cyber Security industry. Discussions on Cyber Security trends, technologies, solutions, news, education, certifications, careers and interviews with leading Cyber Security experts on various Cyber Security topics. Subscribe today to make sure you don't miss an episode. IMPORTANT: The views, information and/or opinions expressed on this podcast/stream are solely those of Brando ...
…
continue reading
The podcast that tells true stories about the people making and breaking our digital world. We take listeners into the world of cyber and intelligence without all the techie jargon. Every Tuesday and Friday, former NPR investigations correspondent Dina Temple-Raston and the team draw back the curtain on ransomware attacks, mysterious hackers, and the people who are trying to stop them.
…
continue reading
Cyber Security, data breaches, Hackers, Chief Information Security Officers, Talking Cyber Security (formerly 'The Australian CISO') is a podcast for anyone interested in Cyber Security. Hear about data breaches, cyber news, how security personnel 'tick', how to answer questions at an interview, lessons learnt while doing the security role, how security people network, how they succeed etc. Use the email address [email protected] to make comments, pose questions or even ask to be on ...
…
continue reading

1
CISSP Cyber Training Podcast - CISSP Training Program
Shon Gerber, vCISO, CISSP, Cybersecurity Consultant and Entrepreneur
Join Shon Gerber on his weekly CISSP Cyber Training podcast, where his extensive 23-year background in cybersecurity shines through. With a rich history spanning corporate sectors, government roles, and academic positions, Shon imparts the essential insights and advice necessary to conquer the CISSP exam. His expertise is not just theoretical; as a CISSP credential holder since 2009, Shon translates his deep understanding into actionable training. Each episode is packed with invaluable secur ...
…
continue reading
How today’s top organizations navigate the complex world of governance, risk, and compliance (GRC).Security & GRC Decoded brings you actionable strategies, expert insights, and real-world stories that help professionals elevate their security and compliance programs. Hosted by Raj Krishnamurthy.It’s for security professionals, compliance teams, and business leaders responsible security GRC and ensuring their organizations’ are safe, secure and adhere to regulatory mandates.Security & GRC Dec ...
…
continue reading
The BCM Daily Cyber News brings you clear, timely updates on threats, breaches, patches, and trends every day. Stay informed in minutes with focused audio built for busy professionals. Learn more and explore at BareMetalCyber.com.
…
continue reading
Security Ledger is an independent security news website that explores the intersection of cyber security with business, commerce, politics and everyday life. Security Ledger provides well-reported and context-rich news and opinion about computer security topics that matter in our IP-enabled homes, workplaces and daily lives.
…
continue reading
Updates on the latest cybersecurity threats to businesses, data breach disclosures, and how you can secure your firm in an increasingly risky time.
…
continue reading
Translating Cyber into Plain Terms. Newest AI, Social Engineering, and Ransomware Attack Insight to Protect Businesses and Reduce Risk. Latest Cyber News from the Dark web, research, and insider info. Interviews of Global Technology Leaders, sharing True Cyber Crime stories and advice on how to manage cyber risk. Find all content at www.CyberCrimeJunkies.com and videos on YouTube @CyberCrimeJunkiesPodcast
…
continue reading
The daily cybersecurity news and analysis industry leaders depend on. Published each weekday, the program also includes interviews with a wide spectrum of experts from industry, academia, and research organizations all over the world.
…
continue reading

1
When Ransomware Turns Deadly: Breaking Cyber Crime News and Essential Security Tips for Businesses
27:58
27:58
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
27:58Cyber Flash Point on the following topics: how ransomware kills in real life and latest cyber crime news, Send us a text Growth without Interruption. Get peace of mind. Stay Competitive-Get NetGain. Contact NetGain today at 844-777-6278 or reach out online at www.NETGAINIT.com Support the show 🔥New Special Offers! 🔥 Remove Your Private Data Online …
…
continue reading

1
AI Governance Essentials: Navigating Security and Compliance in Enterprise AI with Walter Haydock
31:05
31:05
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
31:05AI Governance in an Era of Rapid Change In this episode of Cyber Sentries, John Richards talks with Walter Haydock, founder of StackAware, about navigating the complex landscape of AI governance and security. Walter brings unique insights from his background as a Marine Corps intelligence officer and his extensive experience in both government and …
…
continue reading

1
North Korean attackers steal crypto. Who's sending UK phones to China? Avnet confirms data breach
7:35
7:35
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
7:35
…
continue reading

1
SANS Stormcast Wednesday, October 8th, 2025: FreePBX Exploits; Disrupting Teams Threats; Kibana and QT SVG Patches
5:57
5:57
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
5:57By Dr. Johannes B. Ullrich
…
continue reading
By Prometheus
…
continue reading

1
700 Gigabytes and a Guy Fawkes Mask: How Uruguay's Cyber Silence Led to the BHU Catastrophe
14:28
14:28
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
14:28
…
continue reading

1
Defensive Security Podcast Episode 324
1:19:57
1:19:57
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:19:57Here are links to the stories we discuss this week: https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/brickstorm-espionage-campaign https://thehackernews.com/2025/09/github-mandates-2fa-and-short-lived.html https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/23/gartner_ai_attack/ https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/sonicwall-releases-sma100-firmw…
…
continue reading
Welcome to "Cyber Security", the podcast that dives deep into the ever-evolving world of digital protection. Each episode explores the latest cyber threats, data breaches, hacking techniques, and the tools and strategies used to defend against them. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, IT professional, or just curious about how to stay safe online, th…
…
continue reading
In this episode, Spencer and Brad dig into a question that comes up all the time: what exactly is offensive security? Hint: it’s not just “pentesting.” Offensive security covers a whole spectrum of activities, including, penetration testing, red teaming, purple teaming, adversary emulation, and more. We’ll break down what each of these means, how t…
…
continue reading

1
CCT 285: Practice CISSP Questions - Evaluate and Apply Security Governance Principles (Domain 1.3)
27:45
27:45
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
27:45Send us a text The fastest way to lose trust is to let AI adoption outrun your governance. We open with a blunt look at AI sprawl and shadow AI—how unsanctioned tools slip past weak policies, create data exposure, and strain legacy controls—then lay out a practical path for teams that don’t have a big‑tech budget: continuous discovery via proxies o…
…
continue reading

1
teissTalk: From service desk to security risk - stopping social engineering at the source
42:33
42:33
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
42:33Which techniques and methods use by threat actors are bypassing security parameters Reducing your cyber risk - using lessons learned from recent high-profile attacks Strategies to protect your service desk against identity-based attacks Thom Langford, Host, teissTalk https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomlangford/ Paul Holland, Cyber Capability Manager, …
…
continue reading

1
Penetration Testing and Social Engineering: Insights from Steve Stasiukoni
56:49
56:49
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
56:49🎙 Inside the World of Cybersecurity with Steve Stasiukonis Tune in to the latest episode of Cyber Security America as we explore real-world solutions for defending against today's ever-evolving cyber threats. Our guest, Steve Stasiukonis, President of Secure Network Technologies, brings over 29 years of experience in penetration testing, informatio…
…
continue reading

1
Ask Me Anything: vCISO Strategy, IR, and Cyber Leadership | DailyCyber 275 ~ Watch Now ~
55:01
55:01
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
55:01Ask Me Anything: vCISO Strategy, IR, and Cyber Leadership | DailyCyber 275 ~ Watch Now ~ In this AMA edition of DailyCyber, I break down some of the most pressing issues in cybersecurity today. No guest—just me sharing unfiltered insights from the frontlines of vCISO advisory and leadership. 🔥 What we cover in this AMA: 1️⃣ The Cybersecurity Talent…
…
continue reading
Chinese hackers infiltrate a major U.S. law firm. The EU Commission President warns Russia is waging a hybrid war against Europe. Researchers say LoJax is the latest malware from Russia’s Fancy Bear. Salesforce refuses ransom demands. London Police arrest two teens over an alleged ransomware attack on a preschool. Microsoft tightens Windows 11 setu…
…
continue reading

1
Episode 20: Craig Newmark, Craigslist Founder and Philanthropist
17:39
17:39
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
17:39In this episode of Code and Country, Ian L. Paterson speaks with Craig Newmark, Craigslist founder and philanthropist, about his $200 million commitment to U.S. cybersecurity. Craig outlines his vision for "cyber civil defense"—a World War II-style mobilization where every American helps protect against nation-state threats like China's Salt Typhoo…
…
continue reading

1
INE Security Releases "Wired Together: The Case For Cross-Training In Net working And Cybersecurity"
6:02
6:02
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
6:02This story was originally published on HackerNoon at: https://hackernoon.com/ine-security-releases-wired-together-the-case-for-cross-training-in-net-working-and-cybersecurity. The report documents operational challenges created by this convergence and presents cross-training as the strategic solution. Only 33% feel well-prepared to ha Check more st…
…
continue reading

1
Building Resilient Operations Through ITIL-Based Incident Management
7:00
7:00
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
7:00This story was originally published on HackerNoon at: https://hackernoon.com/building-resilient-operations-through-itil-based-incident-management. ITIL 4 transforms cloud incident management with automation, observability, and adaptive governance—cutting MTTR by 47% and boosting resilience. Check more stories related to cybersecurity at: https://ha…
…
continue reading
This is today’s cyber news for October 8th, 2025. A Fortune-scale standoff leads the brief as Salesforce refuses to pay after a mass data-theft extortion attempt. We also cover ShinyHunters’ new leak portal, active exploitation against Oracle E-Business Suite, Medusa’s push through GoAnywhere MFT, and a critical Redis flaw dubbed “RediShell.” Round…
…
continue reading
By Jim Love
…
continue reading

1
From Targets to Tacticians: The Future of Cyber Defense - Ep 170
24:38
24:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
24:38By Reimagining Cyber
…
continue reading

1
SN 1046: Google's Developer Registration Decree - The End of Free Android Apps?
2:31:51
2:31:51
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:31:51By TWiT
…
continue reading

1
Critical GoAnywhere bug fuels ransomware wave.
32:23
32:23
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
32:23By N2K Networks
…
continue reading

1
BANCO HIPOTECARIO DEL URUGUAY - se clasifica como una "crisis de reconstrucción nacional"
6:12
6:12
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
6:12
…
continue reading

1
BHU: Ransomware de Crypto24 y los 700GB de Datos Filtrados ¿Crisis Controlada o Catástrofe Inevitable en Uruguay?
23:36
23:36
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:36
…
continue reading
By Jason Edwards
…
continue reading
By N2K Networks
…
continue reading
By Recorded Future News
…
continue reading
By N2K Networks
…
continue reading

1
Unity vulnerability, Oracle zero-day patched, Discord user info exposed
8:31
8:31
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
8:31
…
continue reading

1
SANS Stormcast Tuesday, October 7th, 2025: More About Oracle; Redis Vulnerability; GoAnywhere Exploited
5:33
5:33
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
5:33By Dr. Johannes B. Ullrich
…
continue reading
AI Browsers Turn Rogue, Discord Data Breach, and Surge in Palo Alto Scans In this episode of Cybersecurity Today, host David Shipley discusses several significant cybersecurity concerns. Firstly, researchers at Layer X have uncovered a flaw in the Perplexity Comet AI browser that allows malicious prompts to turn the browser into a data thief with j…
…
continue reading

1
A conversation between Hill and Snitker specifically discussing the Banco Hipotecario del Uruguay (BHU) attack.
10:41
10:41
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
10:41
…
continue reading

1
Alberto y Parmaster (leyenda) hablando sobre el caso del BANCO HIPOTECARIO DEL URUGUAY
15:24
15:24
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
15:24
…
continue reading

1
Oracle zero-day serves up persistent access.
23:47
23:47
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:47A critical zero-day in Oracle E-Business Suite is under active exploitation. ICE plans a major expansion of its social media surveillance operations. Discord confirms a third-party data breach. A critical vulnerability in the Unity game engine could allow arbitrary code execution. New variants of the XWorm remote access trojan spread through phishi…
…
continue reading

1
Debate: Denial and Desire Resolution, a hacker's manifesto
15:58
15:58
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
15:58
…
continue reading
…
continue reading

1
Identity and Brand Protection. Things We NEED to Know.
47:36
47:36
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
47:36By Cyber Crime Junkies-David Mauro
…
continue reading

1
CCT 286: Access Controls - Role Based, Rule Based and Many More Controls (Domain 5.4)
40:20
40:20
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
40:20Send us a text Check us out at: https://www.cisspcybertraining.com/ Get access to 360 FREE CISSP Questions: https://www.cisspcybertraining.com/offers/dzHKVcDB/checkout Get access to my FREE CISSP Self-Study Essentials Videos: https://www.cisspcybertraining.com/offers/KzBKKouv A headline‑grabbing data leak is the wake‑up call; what you do next is th…
…
continue reading
By Jason Edwards
…
continue reading

1
Field Notes: Coffee, Gliders & Trademark Scams
24:55
24:55
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
24:55Ever wonder what the hosts of The Audit talk about when the mics are rolling but the formal interview isn't happening? This Field Notes episode gives you exactly that—unfiltered conversations covering everything from coffee preferences and glider flying to trademark scams targeting cybersecurity professionals. Nick and Eric dive into Eric's latest …
…
continue reading

1
ParkMobile breach settlement, UK schools vulnerable, Zimbra calendar attacks
8:03
8:03
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
8:03ParkMobile 2021 data breach class action suit concludes UK government study suggests secondary schools larger target than businesses Zimbra Collaboration Suite flaw used in calendar attacks Huge thanks to our sponsor, ThreatLocker Imagine having the power to decide exactly what runs in your IT environment — and blocking everything else by default. …
…
continue reading

1
From Apple’s Inside to a New Kind of Phone: Privacy, Free Speech, and Building a Third Platform
49:17
49:17
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
49:17Send us a text We trade last‑minute schedules and kid chaos for a deep dive into how modern phones leak data, why “Ask App Not to Track” isn’t enforcement, and what a third platform built for privacy and free speech looks like. Joe shares his Apple-to-Unplugged journey, the Raxxis findings, and practical features that make privacy usable. • zero‑to…
…
continue reading
Send us a textBy mnemonic
…
continue reading

1
SANS Stormcast Monday, October 6th, 2025: Oracle 0-Day
6:28
6:28
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
6:28Oracle E-Business Suite 0-Day CVE-2025-61882 Last week, the Cl0p ransomware gang sent messages to many businesses stating that an Oracle E-Business Suite vulnerability was used to exfiltrate data. Initially, Oracle believed the root cause to be a vulnerability patched in June, but now Oracle released a patch for a new vulnerability. https://www.ora…
…
continue reading

1
Personal Pest Control: Cybersecurity Awareness Month
23:25
23:25
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:25October is Cybersecurity Awareness Month, and it's time to clean house! Let's get rid of all those dust bunnies (weak passwords) and vacuum under the sofa cushions (no multi-factor authentication) and even do a check under the bed for that half-eaten Pop Tart (vulnerable emails). Hear about a few instances where poor cybersecurity led to unfortunat…
…
continue reading

1
Navigating the Modern Digital Landscape: A Synthesis of Deception, Danger, and Defense
23:43
23:43
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:43The provided source context paints a complex and multifaceted picture of the modern digital world, revealing it as an environment of profound dualities, offering unprecedented connection alongside significant peril. The materials span a wide spectrum, from deeply personal and often disturbing anecdotes of online dating to high-level analyses of cyb…
…
continue reading
The provided texts offer two distinct sets of narratives: the first comprises several true crime stories focused on the dangers of online dating platforms like Tinder, detailing incidents ranging from near-abductions and physical attacks by scorned ex-partners to a murder committed by a date. The second source is a detailed media analysis of the "C…
…
continue reading