Housing Matters is a podcast dedicated to discussing the importance of housing and development in our State. Hosted by Matt Pouliot of Pouliot Real Estate, the podcast aims to educate and inform the public about the significance of housing initiatives, the intricacies of development, and how individuals can secure their dream homes. Through engaging conversations and expert insights, we aim to: ° Advocate for the importance of housing initiatives in fostering thriving communities ° Educate t ...
…
continue reading
Closing the Loop is a podcast about Bitcoin. In it, we will be speaking with the entrepreneurs, developers, and thinkers who are contributing to the evolution of this revolutionary technology. The podcast will also be an ongoing experiment of sorts, leveraging the latest developments in the broader ecosystem, highlighting and implementing solutions that foster censorship-resistant communication and new content monetization models. Join us in discovering the many possibilities that Bitcoin br ...
…
continue reading

1
13. Building Homes Like Cars: Why Modular Just Makes Sense
1:02:41
1:02:41
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:02:41Building Homes Like Cars: Why Modular Just Makes Sense Guest: Thatcher Butcher, President of KBS Builders In this episode of Housing Matters, host Matt Pouliot sits down with Thatcher Butcher, a seasoned construction industry leader and President of KBS Builders, to explore the transformative potential of modular housing in Maine and beyond. Togeth…
…
continue reading

1
12. Inside the Mind of a Maine Developer: Kevin Bunker on Policy, Projects & Purpose
1:01:24
1:01:24
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:01:24Building Community Through Development with Kevin Bunker | Housing Matters In this episode of Housing Matters, we sit down with Kevin Bunker, founding principal of Developers Collaborative, for a powerful conversation about what it really takes to create housing in Maine—and why it matters. From lobster boats to Harvard, from urban planning to real…
…
continue reading

1
11. Maine Entrepreneur Builds Modular Homes From Recycled Plastic
40:47
40:47
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
40:47In this episode of Housing Matters, we dive into the fascinating journey of Ben Davis, a Maine-based entrepreneur revolutionizing modular construction and sustainability. Ben is the founder of Edura Building Systems, co-founder of The OpBox, and Portland Container Company—pioneering companies reimagining how we build homes, communities, and infrast…
…
continue reading

1
10. Revitalizing Freeport: Housing, Business & Community with Tawni Whitney
55:42
55:42
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
55:42In this episode of Housing Matters, we sit down with Tawni Whitney, a key figure in Freeport, Maine’s economic and community development. As the Executive Director of the Greater Freeport Chamber of Commerce, Director of Business Development for Freeport Economic Development Corp., and Founder of Freeport Friends, Tawni is driving change to make Fr…
…
continue reading

1
9. The Evolution of Portland’s Housing Market with Ed Gardner
51:56
51:56
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
51:56In the latest episode of Housing Matters, we sit down with Ed Gardner, owner and broker of Gardner Real Estate Group, one of Portland’s most respected real estate firms. With over 35 years of experience, Ed has been at the forefront of Maine’s housing market, navigating everything from single-family home sales to large-scale development projects. E…
…
continue reading

1
8. Building Better Communities: The Role of Smart Zoning
1:04:17
1:04:17
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:04:17Welcome to Housing Matters! In this episode, we dive into the world of urban planning, zoning, and smart development with Vanessa Farr, Regional Manager of Planning & Design at Haley Ward. With over 25 years of experience, Vanessa is a leading expert in planning, urban design, sprawl retrofit, and zoning policy in Maine. Join host Matt Pouliot as t…
…
continue reading

1
7. Creating Housing Opportunities: Max Ross on the Flip Side of Real Estate
52:41
52:41
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
52:41Welcome to the seventh episode of Housing Matters, the podcast where real estate meets education and inspiration! Hosted by Matt Pouliot of Pouliot Real Estate, this episode dives into the world of real estate with special guest Max Ross, a dedicated real estate agent and father of six, with an incredible background in hospitality and home flipping…
…
continue reading

1
6. Revolutionizing Housing: Insights from Industry Leader George Casey
1:10:49
1:10:49
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:10:49Welcome to another episode of Housing Matters, hosted by Matt Pouliot and brought to you by Pouliot Real Estate. In this thought-provoking interview, Matt sits down with George Casey, a seasoned leader in housing development and the President and CEO of Stockbridge Associates, based in Freeport, Maine. George brings a wealth of experience, from ser…
…
continue reading

1
5. The Business of Housing: Portland Chamber CEO Quincy Hentzel on Growth and Policy
56:28
56:28
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
56:28In this episode of Housing Matters, host Matt Pouliot sits down with Quincy Hentzel, CEO of the Portland Regional Chamber of Commerce. Quincy shares her journey from Chicago to Maine, her work in government affairs, and her role in advocating for Portland's business community. They dive into critical topics like the housing crisis, workforce develo…
…
continue reading

1
4. Innovative Solutions for Workforce Housing in Maine | Sarah Sturtevant
54:04
54:04
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
54:04In this episode of the Housing Matters Podcast, hosted by Matt Pouliot, we are joined by Sarah Sturtevant, a Shaw Innovation Fellow and a graduate student in public policy analysis at the Muskie School of Public Service. Sarah brings a wealth of experience and insight into addressing Maine's growing affordable workforce housing crisis. With a backg…
…
continue reading

1
3. Building a Better Future: Housing Policies in Maine with Ryan Fecteau
1:13:05
1:13:05
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:13:05Join Matt Pouliot, host of the "Housing Matters" podcast and CEO of Pouliot Real Estate, in a compelling discussion with Ryan Fecteau, a Senior Officer of Policy and Planning at Avesta Housing. Ryan, with a distinguished career that includes serving as the Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives and working as a senior advisor for Governor Ja…
…
continue reading

1
2. Bridging the Gap: Workforce Housing and Community Growth with Paul Peck
54:08
54:08
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
54:08Welcome to another engaging episode of Housing Matters, the podcast that dives deep into the world of housing and development in our state. I'm your host, Matt Pouliot of Pouliot Real Estate, and today, we have a special guest joining us: Paul Peck, a distinguished real estate developer, attorney, and key figure in Maine's housing community. In thi…
…
continue reading

1
1. Unlocking Homeownership: Innovative Lending with Elizabeth Jean
1:05:34
1:05:34
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:05:34Exploring Housing Solutions: A Deep Dive with Maine State Credit Union's SVP of Lending Welcome to the first episode of "Housing Matters," a series where real estate insights meet community values. Join host Matt Pouliot from Pouliot Real Estate and special guest Elizabeth Jean from Maine State Credit Union as they dive deep into the nuances of the…
…
continue reading

1
#36 - Francis Pouliot: Bitcoin is a Life Raft
2:37:54
2:37:54
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:37:54For our final episode of season three, we were excited to have Francis Pouliot join us for a discussion. Francis is the founder and CEO of Bull Bitcoin, a popular 'non-custodial' bitcoin exchange and payment service in Canada. He has been heavily involved in the bitcoin industry since 2013, helping people understand and use bitcoin from the earlies…
…
continue reading

1
#35 - Ray Youssef: Bitcoin is on the Right Side of History
1:50:01
1:50:01
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:50:01In this episode of Closing The Loop, we’re honored to have Ray Youssef join us for a discussion. Ray is the founder and CEO of Paxful, a popular peer-to-peer bitcoin exchange, which offers users over 350 different payment methods to choose from. Paxful has placed a particular focus on what Ray refers to as the ‘Global South,’ where billions of unba…
…
continue reading

1
#34 - Patrick O'Sullivan: 'Bitcoin Makes Baseball Better' w/ The World's First Chief Bitcoin Officer
1:51:14
1:51:14
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:51:14Our guest today is Patrick O’Sullivan, the world’s first 'Chief Bitcoin Officer', for the Australian Baseball League club, The Perth Heat. In late 2021, Patrick convinced the organization to shift to a full 'bitcoin standard', and since then, they’ve been experimenting with all the ways in which they can leverage the benefits of bitcoin, to bring a…
…
continue reading

1
#33 - Matt Hill: The Era of 'Sovereign Computing' is Here
2:13:33
2:13:33
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:13:33Today's guest is Matt Hill, co-founder and CEO of Start9 Labs, a leading pioneer in what he calls ‘Sovereign Computing.’ In today’s world, many have become accustomed to using third-party platforms to interact online, host their data, and much else, but as the saying goes, ‘the cloud is just someone else’s computer.’ As a result of this, there is n…
…
continue reading

1
#32 - Jeff Booth: Bitcoin is the Answer to a Broken System
2:05:56
2:05:56
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:05:56Today’s guest is Jeff Booth, a serial technology entrepreneur, advisor and board member to multiple businesses and organizations, and the author of the very popular book, ‘The Price of Tomorrow: Why Deflation is the Key to an Abundant Future'. Jeff is also a prolific speaker and advocate for bitcoin, educating people in all parts of the world, abou…
…
continue reading

1
#31 - Jason Les: Surviving and Thriving as a Publicly Traded Bitcoin Mining Company
1:40:50
1:40:50
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:40:50Our guest today is Jason Les, CEO of Riot Blockchain. Riot is one of the largest publicly traded bitcoin miners in the world, with a current hash rate capacity of 4.8EH/s, and an expected self-mining capacity of 12.6EH/s by Q1 2023. The bitcoin mining industry is notoriously competitive, and that is especially the case right now in the fall of 2022…
…
continue reading

1
#30 - Prince Filip of Serbia: The Merits of Monarchy, The Liberating Power of Bitcoin, and The History of the House of Karađorđević
1:52:30
1:52:30
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:52:30Our guest today is Prince Filip Karađorđević, Hereditary Prince of Serbia and Yugoslavia, and Chief Strategy Officer of Jan 3, a digital infrastructure company focused on expanding access to bitcoin technology, and accelerating hyperbitcoinization. We first met Prince Filip at the Miami Bitcoin Conference in 2022, and were struck by both his down-t…
…
continue reading

1
#29 - Abubakar Nur Khalil: Building, Investing, and Training the Next Generation of Bitcoin Developers in Africa
1:40:10
1:40:10
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:40:10This episode's guest is Abubakar Nur Khalil, a contributor to bitcoin core and co-founder of Qala, a non-profit focused on training the next generation of bitcoin and lightning developers in Africa. He is also the CEO of Recursive Capital, a venture capital fund focused on funding African bitcoin startups. Finally, Abubakar is a founding member of …
…
continue reading

1
#28 - Brent Whitehead: The Giga Energy Story and Bitcoin as the Ultimate Incentive for Revolutionizing the Energy Industry
2:30:38
2:30:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:30:38Today’s guest is Brent Whitehead, co-founder of Giga Energy, a company that builds, operates, and sells equipment for off-grid bitcoin mining operations. The mobility, viability, and adaptability of bitcoin mining has in the last few years become recognized for the unique opportunities it represents, for capturing and monetizing stranded or 'waste'…
…
continue reading

1
#27 - Jean Amiouny: Bringing Canadians into the 'Bitcoin Golden Age'
1:49:15
1:49:15
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:49:15This episode's guest is Jean Amiouny, co-founder and CEO of Canadian bitcoin exchange, Shakepay. Launched in 2015, Shakepay has become one of the most popular ways to buy bitcoin in Canada, with $7 billion in transaction volume and over one million Canadians signed up to the platform. As you'll hear in this discussion, while their current focus is …
…
continue reading

1
#26 - Lyn Alden: Bitcoin is the Technological Solution We Need
2:15:23
2:15:23
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:15:23Today's guest is Lyn Alden, founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy, board director of Swan Bitcoin, and advisor to ego death capital. Lyn is one of the most highly regarded voices in finance today, both for her excellent commentary on the macroeconomic landscape as well as for her sober, analytical approach to understanding bitcoin. Lyn's ability…
…
continue reading

1
#25 - Gigi: Bitcoin Offers Deep Stability
2:37:08
2:37:08
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:37:08Welcome to Season 3 of Closing the Loop! As has become tradition, Gigi, our friend and colleague here at Seetee, software engineer, and prolific writer in the bitcoin space, has joined us once again, to get this season kicked off. In our conversation, we reflect on some of the guests and topics of Season 2, discuss our experiences at the Oslo Freed…
…
continue reading

1
#24 - Leopoldo López: A Life-Long Struggle for Freedom in Venezuela
1:58:33
1:58:33
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:58:33Our guest today is Leopoldo López, a democracy activist, former political prisoner of the Maduro government, and national coordinator of the 'Voluntad Popular' political party in Venezuela. We recently met Leopoldo at the Oslo Freedom Forum in Norway and subsequently had the chance to spend some time with him and hear the harrowing story of his lif…
…
continue reading

1
#23 - Bernard Parah: All-In on the Mission to Bring More Freedom to Africa w/ Bitcoin
1:47:48
1:47:48
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:47:48For this episode, our guest is Bernard Parah. He is the founder and CEO of Bitnob, a Nigerian bitcoin exchange & financial services platform. We met Bernard recently at the Oslo Freedom Forum in Norway, where we had the chance to hear his story firsthand. His unique perspective on bitcoin, the experience he has gathered when launching Bitnob, and t…
…
continue reading

1
#22 - Shaun Connell: Bitcoin Mining is the 'Holy Grail' for Power Grids
2:24:47
2:24:47
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:24:47This episode's guest is Shaun Connell, Executive Vice President of Power at Lancium. Lancium develops technologies and builds infrastructure to improve the economic efficiency of power production, balance and stabilize the power grid, and improve the viability of renewable energy resources. Shaun has a wealth of experience in energy markets, in par…
…
continue reading

1
#21 - Farida Nabourema: Bitcoin and the Multi-Generational Struggle for Democracy & Human Rights in Togo
1:42:44
1:42:44
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:42:44This episode's guest is Farida Nabourema, a social activist and writer, who since being a teenager, has been a fearless advocate for democracy and human rights in her native Togo. We met Farida recently at the Oslo Freedom Forum in Norway and were intrigued by her story, her work, and the ways in which she's been educating her followers and communi…
…
continue reading

1
#20 - Bob Burnett: 'Wild Mining' & Bringing the Market to the Molecule
2:16:44
2:16:44
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:16:44This episode's guest is Bob Burnett, chairman and CEO at Barefoot mining. Barefoot focuses primarily on what they call 'wild mining,' or small-to-mid scale bitcoin mining operations, using independent or off-grid energy sources. Their approach is not only contributing to the monetization of remote or stranded energy resources, which otherwise likel…
…
continue reading

1
#19 - Alex Leishman: The Future of Bitcoin Financial Services
1:33:38
1:33:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:33:38This episode's guest is Alex Leishman, founder & CEO of River Financial. River is a bitcoin-native financial services firm that offers bitcoin acquisition and management products for individuals, as well as a variety of institutions and high-net-worth investors, through their private client services division. They've also recently begun offering a …
…
continue reading

1
#18 - Grant Gilliam: Venture Investing in the Bitcoin-Native Ecosystem w/ Ten31
1:41:45
1:41:45
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:41:45This episode's guest is Grant Gilliam, co-founder and managing partner of Ten 31. Ten31 is a venture capital firm that invests in leading bitcoin-native companies. In addition to that, Ten31 supports and invests in various free and open-source software projects in the Bitcoin ecosystem to help build out the infrastructure necessary for a hyperbitco…
…
continue reading

1
#17 - Alex Gladstein: Why 'The Money' is the Biggest Missing Piece in the Fight for Human Rights
1:29:34
1:29:34
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:29:34Our guest today is Alex Gladstein. Alex is the Vice President of Strategy for the Oslo Freedom Forum, and the Chief Strategy Officer of the Human Rights Foundation, a non-partisan, non-profit organization that promotes and protects human rights globally. In recent years, Alex has placed particular focus and emphasis on speaking, writing, and educat…
…
continue reading

1
#16 - Keyan Kousha: Using Bitcoin to Foster 'Natural Communities' Online w/ Stacker News
1:23:59
1:23:59
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:23:59This episode's guest is Keyan Kousha, founder of Stacker News. Stacker News is a user-generated, feed-style news platform, modeled after Hacker News, but with the important distinction of having natively-integrated bitcoin lightning payments, as a means of fostering more natural communities (think less spam and antisocial behavior), cultivating hig…
…
continue reading

1
#15 - Oscar Merry: Building the Value4Value Infrastructure
1:17:13
1:17:13
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:17:13This episode's guest is Oscar Merry, co-founder of Fountain, a popular Podcasting 2.0 app for sharing clips of your favorite podcast segments. The app is also value4value enabled, which means that it allows you to support your favorite show directly, by streaming and boosting sats. As you may have noticed, we at Seetee are big advocates of the emer…
…
continue reading

1
#14 - Rodolfo Novak: A Decade of Bitcoin Entrepreneurship
1:53:16
1:53:16
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:53:16This episode's guest is Rodolfo Novak, co-founder and CEO of Coinkite, a popular bitcoin hardware manufacturing business, which has produced such classic products as the COLDCARD hardware wallet, the OPENDIME, and the BLOCKCLOCK MINI (to ensure one never loses track of Moscow time :p). Rodolfo has been an entrepreneur in the bitcoin space for over …
…
continue reading
For our first episode of the year and season, we thought it would be fun to bring Gigi back on for a discussion about what the team has been working on, highlights and developments from Season 1, some thoughts around the evolution of the value4value model, and our focus for the upcoming year. Thanks to everyone involved, the incredible guests we ha…
…
continue reading

1
#12 - Cory Klippsten: Building a Bitcoin Company for Bitcoiners, by Bitcoiners
1:44:38
1:44:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:44:38This episode's guest is Cory Klippsten, founder and CEO of Swan Bitcoin, a popular US-based service for buying bitcoin. Swan began as a way to make it easy for people to dollar cost average their bitcoin buys, automating them on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Only bitcoin, and only buying. There is no option to sell with Swan — a not-so-subtle …
…
continue reading

1
#11 - Steve Barbour: The Solution Is to Plug in More ASICs
1:45:23
1:45:23
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:45:23For this episode, our guest is Steve Barbour, founder and CEO of Upstream Data. Since 2017, Upstream Data has been pioneering solutions to capture methane emissions in the upstream oil and gas industry. Steve and his team monetize the energy at the source with mobile bitcoin-mining rigs. Steve's ingenuity and success have caused many to begin think…
…
continue reading

1
#10 - David Bailey: Celebrating Bitcoin Culture
2:09:05
2:09:05
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:09:05This episode's guest is David Bailey, CEO of BTC Inc., the company behind Bitcoin Magazine, The Bitcoin Conference, and several other brands in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Due to his involvement in Bitcoin since 2013, David has a ton of interesting insights and anecdotes to tell. Not only about the early days of Bitcoin and how things have evolved and p…
…
continue reading

1
#09 - Adam Curry: Can't Stop the Signal
2:26:24
2:26:24
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
2:26:24Today's guest is legendary broadcaster turned podcaster Adam Curry. Adam has had an extremely rich, unique, and interesting career in media. What began as pirate radio in Europe during his teens led to becoming a popular MTV VJ as well as several entrepreneurial ventures in the early days of the internet. Later on, he was one of the first to use an…
…
continue reading

1
#08 - Preston Pysh: A Once in a Millennium Opportunity
1:38:34
1:38:34
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:38:34Today's guest is Preston Pysh, co-creator of The Investor's Podcast Network, one of the top global podcast brands for financial education. While his podcast network covers the goings-on in finance, investing, and economics broadly, Preston has more recently focused exclusively on Bitcoin. He is now hosting a weekly discussion with the top entrepren…
…
continue reading

1
#07 - Dhruv Bansal: Bitcoin-Native Financial Services w/ Unchained Capital
1:50:18
1:50:18
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:50:18Today's guest is Dhruv Bansal, co-founder and CSO at Unchained Capital. Unchained is a bitcoin-native financial services company that builds products to help individuals and organizations to better custody and hodl their bitcoin. Crucial to this is their focus on collaborative custody using multisig, which allows them to offer robust key management…
…
continue reading

1
#06 - Whit Gibbs: Now Everyone Can Mine Bitcoin
1:25:20
1:25:20
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:25:20Today's guest is Whit Gibbs, co-founder, and CEO of Compass Mining. According to their website, "Compass is a Bitcoin-first company, on a mission to support the decentralized growth of hashrate and strengthen network security, by helping more people learn, explore and mine Bitcoin." In the last couple of years, interest in bitcoin mining has seemin…
…
continue reading

1
#05 - Roy Sheinfeld: The Interface of the Peer to Peer Lightning Economy w/ Breez
1:28:39
1:28:39
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:28:39Today's guest on Closing the Loop is Roy Sheinfeld. Roy is the CEO and Co-Founder of Breez, a mobile app that aspires to be 'The interface of the peer to peer lightning economy.' Roy and his team have taken a nascent, though still largely intimidating technology and abstracted away much of the complexity so that the average user can begin to intera…
…
continue reading

1
#04 - Daniel Buchner: Decentralized Identity on Bitcoin w/ Microsoft's ION
1:35:02
1:35:02
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:35:02Today's guest on Closing the Loop is Daniel Buchner. Daniel is the Senior Product Manager for Decentralized Identity at Microsoft, which in March of 2021 culminated in the launch of ION. ION is an open, public, permissionless Layer 2 Decentralized Identifier network that runs atop the Bitcoin timechain. As life becomes increasingly digital and conc…
…
continue reading

1
#03 - Harry Sudock: Bitcoin Mining at GRIID, the Evolution of Energy Production, and Human Flourishing
1:32:38
1:32:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:32:38Today's guest is Harry Sudock, VP of Strategy at GRIID, a company that procures low-cost, renewable energy to build, manage, and operate a growing portfolio of vertically-integrated bitcoin mining facilities. Harry is incredibly passionate and knowledgeable about the bitcoin mining industry and extremely dedicated to the cause of Bitcoin generally.…
…
continue reading

1
#02 - Paul Itoi: Stakwork, Sphinx Chat, and the Bitcoin Lightning Economy
1:20:41
1:20:41
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:20:41Paul Itoi is the founder and CEO of Stakwork and has been a tech entrepreneur since the mid-nineties. In his spare time, Paul is also one of the driving forces behind the open-source, lightning-powered chat-app, called Sphinx. As Paul puts it, Stakwork pays the bills, but Sphinx just needed to exist, so they built it. Unlike most people, Paul's ent…
…
continue reading

1
#01 - Gigi: Introduction to Closing the Loop
1:20:56
1:20:56
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:20:56For the inaugural episode of Closing the Loop, it is a genuine honor to introduce you to a highly respected bitcoiner and dear friend of mine, who goes by the name of Gigi. Gigi is a father, educator, meme artist, author, philosopher, and someone who is fully committed to serving the bitcoin project and seeing it succeed. He curates the website bit…
…
continue reading