Karim Hijazi’s approach to threat hunting challenges conventional wisdom about endpoint security by proving that some of the most critical intelligence exists outside organizational networks. As Founder & CEO of Vigilocity, his 30-year journey from the legendary Mariposa botnet investigation to building external monitoring capabilities demonstrates why DNS analysis remains foundational to modern threat detection, even as AI transforms both offensive and defensive capabilities.

In his chat with David, Karim explores how threat actors continue to rely on command and control infrastructure as their operational lifeline. His insights into supply chain threats, "low and slow" reconnaissance campaigns, and the evolution of domain generation algorithms provide security leaders with a unique perspective on proactive defense strategies that complement traditional security controls.

Topics discussed:

• External DNS monitoring approaches that identify threat actor infrastructure before weaponization.
• How AI has fundamentally disrupted domain generation algorithm prediction, creating new blind spots for traditional threat intelligence.
• Supply chain threat intelligence methodologies that identify compromised partners and assess contagion risks.
• The evolution of command and control infrastructure from cleartext to encrypted communications and back.
• "Low and slow" reconnaissance patterns that precede ransomware attacks, operating with months-long dormancy periods.
• Strategies for communicating threat intelligence value to business stakeholders without creating defensive reactions from security teams.
• The limitations of current AI applications in security, particularly around nuanced threat analysis requiring human experience and pattern recognition.
• Board-level cybersecurity education requirements for organizations to survive sophisticated attacks in the next 5 years.
• Innovation challenges in cybersecurity where rebranding existing solutions prevents breakthrough defensive capabilities.
• Non-invasive threat hunting philosophies that deliver forensic-level detail without deploying endpoint agents.

Key Takeaways:

• Monitor external DNS communications to identify command and control infrastructure before threat actors weaponize domains against your organization.
• Assess supply chain partners through external threat intelligence lenses to identify compromised third parties that represent contagion risks.
• Develop detection capabilities for "low and slow" reconnaissance campaigns that operate with extended dormancy periods between communications.
• Implement AI as a noise reduction tool rather than a primary decision maker, maintaining human oversight for nuanced threat analysis.
• Establish board-level cybersecurity expertise to ensure adequate understanding and support for advanced threat hunting investments.
• Focus security innovation efforts on breakthrough capabilities rather than rebranding existing solutions with new acronyms.
• Correlate external threat intelligence with internal security data to validate threats and reduce false positive rates.
• Build threat hunting capabilities that can operate at machine speeds to handle increasing volumes of AI-generated attacks.
• Create communication strategies that present external threat intelligence as validation tools rather than indictments of existing security programs.
• Maintain expertise in DNS analysis and network fundamentals as core competencies, regardless of technological advances.

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