VJHemOnc recently attended the 3rd International Workshop on Myelodysplastic Syndromes & Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (iwMDS & iwMPN) 2025, held in Lisbon, Portugal. This episode features experts Amer Zeidan, MBBS, MHS, Yale University and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, Elizabeth Griffiths, MD, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, Lisa Pleyer, MD, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Andrew Brunner, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, and Yasushi Miyazaki, MD, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. They begin by summarizing the key themes from their presentations, which cover a wide range of hot topics, including the role of allotransplant in Japan, communicating about drug efficacy in clinical trials, validating response criteria, and optimizing the use of hypomethylating agents. They then have an insightful discussion on how we can enhance clinical trial design and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with MDS.