Check out the Civic Literacy Curriculum lesson for this episode!

Dr. Sean Beienberg clarifies the distinction between America's actual vote for independence on July 2, 1776, and the adoption of Jefferson's Declaration of Independence on July 4. John Adams initially believed that July 2nd would be celebrated "forevermore" with nationwide festivities, but history chose the philosophical document over the actual vote for independence.
• Two separate declarations existed: Richard Henry Lee's simple paragraph declaring independence (voted on July 2nd) and Jefferson's comprehensive explanation (approved July 4th)
• Jefferson's declaration wasn't just his work alone but drew from existing philosophical traditions, including Locke, Montesquieu, and George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights
• The Declaration gained particular importance before the Civil War as Americans sought to define their national identity
• The July 4th document matters more historically because it explains the "why" of independence, not just the "what."
• Dr. Beienberg suggests the celebration's meaning matters more than the specific date, though Richard Henry Lee deserves recognition
Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum!

School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership

Center for American Civics