After six years of intense litigation, WhatsApp has secured a decisive legal victory against the NSO Group, the controversial spyware maker accused of exploiting a zero-day vulnerability to infect more than 1,400 users with surveillance malware. On October 17, 2025, a U.S. District Court issued a permanent injunction that bars NSO from targeting WhatsApp users, reverse engineering the app, or creating new accounts. The ruling marks a historic moment in the battle between secure communication platforms and the spyware industry, effectively cutting NSO off from one of the world’s largest messaging ecosystems.

The court’s decision, led by Judge Phyllis Hamilton, reframes unauthorized access as a commercial harm — asserting that WhatsApp’s core product is informational privacy, and NSO’s intrusions directly interfered with that value. This legal reasoning sets a transformative precedent: it turns privacy itself into a defensible commercial right. Tech platforms can now cite this case as a blueprint for dismantling spyware operations through litigation, rather than purely through technical defenses.

Financially, the ruling reshaped the balance of liability. While an initial $167 million punitive damages award was dramatically reduced to just over $4 million, the decision still sets a precedent that punitive damages can reach up to nine times compensatory awards. The case highlights how litigation costs, operational bans, and reputational fallout can devastate even well-funded surveillance firms.

Beyond the numbers, the reputational impact on NSO Group is immense. The company, long accused of enabling authoritarian regimes to spy on journalists, activists, and dissidents, can no longer hide behind claims of client misuse. WhatsApp’s legal win publicly dismantles the “plausible deniability” defense that spyware vendors have relied on for years.

Compounding the risk, NSO’s recent acquisition by U.S. investors introduces new exposure under American jurisdiction, potentially inviting further litigation, sanctions, and scrutiny from regulators. For the entire spyware sector, this case serves as a wake-up call: the era of unchecked digital surveillance is ending, replaced by a new era of accountability and legal containment.

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