An airhacks.fm conversation with Fabio Niephaus ( @fniephaus ) about: GraalVM polyglot capabilities now available as Maven dependencies without requiring GraalVM JDK, running WebAssembly modules in Java applications using GraalWasm , separation of polyglot runtime from GraalVM distribution, embedding use cases for extending Java applications with python JavaScript and WebAssembly, performance benefits when running on GraalVM vs openJDK through automatic JIT optimization, WebAssembly as portable compilation target for multiple languages including rust C++ Go, WASI (WebAssembly System Interface) enabling file and network operations, advantages over JNI/Panama FFI for native extensions due to portability and sandboxing, multi-threading support with context pools for high throughput, using JavaScript bindings as intermediary for high-level Java-WASM interactions, future component model with WIT (WebAssembly Interface Types) for language-agnostic interfaces, security benefits of sandboxed execution for untrusted code, WebImage preview feature compiling Java bytecode to WebAssembly modules, javac demo running Java compiler in browser, command-line tools converted to web applications using WebImage, Edge Computing use cases for user-defined functions, native image compatibility with GraalWasm, Pyodide integration possibilities for secure Python native extensions, Spring Shell successfully compiled to WASM demonstrating framework compatibility, ongoing work on threading networking and WASI support for full server-side capabilities, collaboration with WebAssembly community and Bytecode Alliance, WASM GC proposal for efficient garbage collection, bringing dynamic class loading to native image, GraalWasm demos and guides , javac on Wasm live demo , javac on Wasm demo code , Web Image talk at Wasm.io 2025 , GraalVM Web Image sources , GDK Launcher , GraalPy , GraalPy demos and guides Fabio Niephaus on twitter: @fniephaus…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Maurice Naftalin ( @mauricenaftalin ) about: experiences with Visual Age for Java and its visual programming approach with arrows connecting components, working on British Department of Health and Social Security project using Visual Age for Java for benefits system navigation, comparison of various Java IDEs including Visual J++, Sun Java Workshop , JBuilder , Eclipse , NetBeans , IntelliJ IDEA, and Visual Studio Code , advantages of VS Code for polyglot programming and its growing ecosystem, visual programming experiences with state charts for reactive systems, IBM Rational tools and UML integration, successful visual programming with NetBeans Matisse GUI builder and AWS Step Functions , Model Driven Architecture and code generation from UML diagrams, writing Java Generics and Collections book with Philip Wadler for Java 5 and updating it for a second edition, changes in Java idioms over 15 years including deprecation of wrapper class constructors, sequence collections as major addition to Java collections framework, PECS (Producer Extends Consumer Super) principle for generics, underappreciated Java collections like NavigableMap, preference for method references and keeping lambdas concise in streams, using Class::method notation instead of Class.method, Scottish countryside and Edinburgh living experiences, early internet challenges with 300 baud acoustic couplers influencing views on network distribution versus CD-ROMs, transition from safety-critical systems to Java training and consulting, importance of understanding bounded wildcards in generics, future impact of Project Valhalla on generics and collections Maurice Naftalin on twitter: @mauricenaftalin…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Michalis Papadimitriou ( @mikepapadim ) about: starting with Java 8, first computer experiences with Pentium 2, doom 2 and Microsoft Paint , university introduction to Object-oriented programming using Objects First and bluej IDE, Monte Carlo simulations for financial portfolio optimization in Java, porting Java applications to OpenCL for GPU acceleration achieving 20x speedup, working at Huawei on GPU hardware, writing unit tests as introduction to TornadoVM , working on FPGA integration and Graal compiler optimizations, experience at OctoAI startup doing AI compiler optimizations for TensorFlow and PyTorch models, understanding model formats evolution from ONNX to GGUF , standardization of LLM inference through Llama models, implementing GPU-accelerated Llama 3 inference in pure Java using TornadoVM, achieving 3-6x speedup over CPU implementations, supporting multiple models including Mistral and working on qwen 3 and deepseek , differences between models mainly in normalization layers, GGUF becoming quasi-standard for LLM model distribution, TornadoVM's Consume and Persist API for optimizing GPU data transfers, challenges with OpenCL deprecation on macOS and plans for Metal backend, importance of developer experience and avoiding python dependencies for Java projects, runtime and compiler optimizations for GPU inference, kernel fusion techniques, upcoming integration with langchain4j , potential of Java ecosystem with Graal VM and Project Panama FFM for high-performance inference, advantages of Java's multi-threading capabilities for inference workloads Michalis Papadimitriou on twitter: @mikepapadim…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Jonathan Ellis ( @spyced ) about: brokk AI tool for code generation named after Norse god of the forge, AI as complement to experienced programmers' skillsets, age and productivity in programming, transition from JVector to working on Cassandra codebase, challenges with AI in large codebases with extensive context, building tools for historical Java codebases, comparison of productivity between younger and older programmers, brute force coding vs experienced approach, reading code quickly as a senior skill, AI generating nested if-else statements vs better structures, context sculpting in Brokk, open source nature of Brokk, no black boxes philosophy, surfacing AI context to users, automatic context pulling with manual override options, importing dependencies and decompiling JARs for context, syntax tree based summarization, Maven and Gradle dependency handling, unique Java-specific features, multiple AI model support simultaneously, Claude vs Gemini Pro performance differences, Git history as context source, capturing commits and diffs for regression analysis, migration analysis between commits, AI code review and technical debt cleanup, style for code style guidelines, using modern Java features like var and Streams, Error Prone and NullAway integration for code quality, comparison with Cursor's primitive features, branching conversation history, 80% time in Brokk vs 20% in IntelliJ workflow, sketching package structures for AI guidance, data structures guiding algorithms, Git browser by file and commit, unified diff as context, reflection moving away from due to tooling opacity, Jackson serialization refactoring with DTOs, enterprise features like session sync and sharing, unified API key management, rate limit advantages, parallel file processing with upgrade agent, LiteLLM integration for custom models, pricing model based on credits not requests, $20/month subscription with credits, free tier models like Grok 3 Mini and DeepSeek V3, architect mode for autonomous code generation, code button for smaller problems with compile-test loop, ask button for planning complex implementations, senior vs junior programmer AI effectiveness, self-editing capability achieved early in development, no vector search usage despite JVector background Jonathan Ellis on twitter: @spyced…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Billy Korando ( @BillyKorando ) about: Apple IIe and Packard Bell in the late 80s/early 90s, playing games like Three Stooges and Wolfenstein 3D , taking a year off after high school to work at FedEx as a package handler which motivated him to pursue higher education, his first professional job working on insurance regulation software using Java 1.4 with Apache Struts and custom frameworks, transitioning to Spring 2.5 and experiencing the XML configuration challenges, experience with the microservices hype around 2015 and learning that organizations that couldn't build good monoliths wouldn't succeed with microservices either, automated testing and JUnit 5, meeting Pratik Patel at DevNexus which led to his first devrel position at IBM, traveling extensively for conferences including J-Fall in the Netherlands, being laid off from IBM in 2021 and joining Oracle's Java team, focusing on JDK technologies like JFR , garbage collection, and project leyden , helping organize the Kansas City Developers Conference, involvement in reviving JavaOne as a standalone conference, the importance of automated testing with tools like Test Containers versus older approaches with H2 databases, the challenges of maintaining code coverage as a metric, the evolution of Java, focus on Java observability tools and performance optimization Billy Korando on twitter: @BillyKorando…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Maurice Naftalin ( @mauricenaftalin ) about: Shelton Signet CP/M machine costing £3000 in the 1980s, discussion about the CP/M operating system which started in 1972, Maurice's early career teaching programming at Wolverhampton Polytechnic (now University), teaching Pascal programming language, creating a membership system for a political campaign using his first computer, Maurice's background as a chemist studying nuclear magnetic resonance (which later became MRI), learning fortran to process data using Fast Fourier Transforms, discussion about the NAG Library and challenges with array indices between C and Fortran, programming in the early days using punch cards and waiting hours for compilation results, the evolution from punch cards to paper tape which was more fragile, the role of punch operators who would type programs onto cards, Maurice's experience programming in assembler after learning Fortran, working at British Steel on an eccentric project to create a new programming language, moving to ICL (International Computers Limited) to work on the VMEB operating system with 15-16 protection rings, using traffic lights mounted on walls to indicate system status (red for down, amber for booting, green for operational), Maurice's interest in formal methods and the Vienna Development Method (VDM), working at Sterling University on formal specification and stepwise refinement, programming in HyperTalk for HyperCard in the 1990s, the Post Office Horizon scandal where a flawed computer system led to false fraud accusations against hundreds of sub-postmasters, Maurice's early Java programming creating a local information service distributed on CDs in the mid-1990s, discussion about offline-first principles and caching data that are still relevant today, Maurice being a "singleton" as the only Maurice Naftalin on the internet Maurice Naftalin on twitter: @mauricenaftalin…

An airhacks.fm conversation with David Kral ( @VerdentDK ) about: Helidon Declarative as a new feature set for Helidon SE , build-time dependency injection with zero reflection capability, code generation approach that creates actual Java source files instead of bytecode manipulation, Service Registry as an enhanced Java service loader with ordering capabilities, compatibility with GraalVM for native image compilation, JPMS (Java Platform Module System) compatibility, the Maven plugin that eliminates reflection completely, HTTP module for declarative REST endpoints, REST client generation, metrics and fault tolerance support, interceptors for modifying service creation behavior, annotation mapping to support standard JSR-330 annotations like @Inject, comparison of performance between Helidon SE and MP flavors, use cases for serverless and CLI applications, the incubating status of Helidon Declarative with full release planned for Helidon 5, the ability to see and modify generated code for better debugging and transparency, the possibility to copy generated code to take ownership and remove dependencies, the value of using standard annotations for better portability between frameworks David Kral on twitter: @VerdentDK…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Volker Simonis ( @volker_simonis ) about: explanation of corretto as an openJDK distribution with support for multiple platforms and Java versions, insights into the build and certification process for Corretto releases including TCK testing, discussion of the security vulnerability group and embargo process for Java security fixes, explanation of how Amazon contributes features back to OpenJDK, detailed overview of Amazon's contributions including async logging for improved performance, Project Lilliput for compact object headers reducing memory usage by 10-50%, Generational Shenandoah garbage collector achieving sub-millisecond pause times, comparison between ZGC and Shenandoah garbage collectors, discussion about the Graal compiler and Project Galahad to reintroduce it into OpenJDK, mention of Amazon being the second largest contributor to OpenJDK after Oracle, information about the Amazon Corretto Crypto Provider for improved encryption performance, introduction of arctic GUI testing tool for Java, insights into the collaborative nature of the OpenJDK ecosystem despite competition between vendors Volker Simonis on twitter: @volker_simonis…

An airhacks.fm conversation with RichardBair ( @RichardBair ) about: the relaxed nature of JavaOne keynote presentations with James Gosling , the experience of delivering live demos versus pre-recorded content, impressions of the recent JavaOne conference with 70% new attendees, the Hashgraph team including former Sun/Oracle employees like Josh Marinacci and Jasper Potts, explanation of Hedera Hashgraph's consensus service as a message bus system, discussion of a practical enterprise use case for Hashgraph to create immutable release pipelines, storing release stages as messages in a topic, capturing build metadata including dependencies and test results on the blockchain , the ability to run your own mirror node to query data for free, the potential to create a release pipeline listener that triggers actions based on blockchain messages, the advantage of having an immutable audit trail for compliance purposes, the possibility of creating an enterprise gateway that handles payment and provides REST APIs, the difference between consensus nodes and mirror nodes, the benefits of using blockchain for software supply chain verification, the performance capabilities of the system for reading thousands of messages per second RichardBair on twitter: @RichardBair…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Juan Fumero ( @snatverk ) about: tornadovm as a Java parallel framework for accelerating data parallelization on GPUs and other hardware, first GPU experiences with ELSA Winner and Voodoo cards, explanation of TornadoVM as a plugin to existing JDKs that uses Graal as a library, TornadoVM's programming model with @parallel and @reduce annotations for parallelizable code, introduction of kernel API for lower-level GPU programming, TornadoVM's ability to dynamically reconfigure and select the best hardware for workloads, implementation of LLM inference acceleration with TornadoVM, challenges in accelerating Llama models on GPUs, introduction of tensor types in TornadoVM to support FP8 and FP16 operations, shared buffer capabilities for GPU memory management, comparison of Java Vector API performance versus GPU acceleration, discussion of model quantization as a potential use case for TornadoVM, exploration of Deep Java Library (DJL) and its ND array implementation, potential standardization of tensor types in Java, integration possibilities with Project Babylon and its Code Reflection capabilities, TornadoVM's execution plans and task graphs for defining accelerated workloads, ability to run on multiple GPUs with different backends simultaneously, potential enterprise applications for LLMs in Java including model distillation for domain-specific models, discussion of Foreign Function & Memory API integration in TornadoVM, performance comparison between different GPU backends like OpenCL and CUDA , collaboration with Intel Level Zero oneAPI and integrated graphics support, future plans for RISC-V support in TornadoVM Juan Fumero on twitter: @snatverk…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Christian Humer ( @grashalm_ ) about: bachelor thesis on a Java bytecode interpreter written in Java, exploration of whether Java could be used as a systems language, benefits of implementing an ecosystem in itself as validation, C1X compiler based on C1 but reimplemented from scratch, concept of sea of nodes for mixing control and data flow, goal to rewrite the entire VM in Java, benefits of using one compiler throughout the stack for compatibility and maintainability, discussion of de-optimization process in JIT compilation, explanation of guards and assumptions in optimized code, three versions of Espresso (Java bytecode interpreter), first version as proof of concept, second version using Truffle with serialized ASTs , third version based on bytecodes with unrolling bytecode loops, explanation of bytecode quickening technique, sandboxing capabilities in GraalVM as replacement for deprecated security manager, isolating untrusted code in separate heaps for security, protection against speculative execution attacks, use case for running AI-generated Java code safely in isolated environments, GraalOS as a minimal operating system for running Java isolates , TRegex as GraalVM's optimized regular expression engine that compiles regex to machine code, bytecode interpreter DSL for generating efficient bytecode interpreters for different languages, memory improvements from using bytecode arrays instead of AST objects, potential future integration of TRegex as a Java API Christian Humer on twitter: @grashalm_…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Colt McNealy ( @coltmcnealy ) about: first computing experience with Sun workstations and network computing, background in hockey and other sports, using system76 Linux laptops for development, starting programming in high school with Java and later learning C, fortran , assembly , C++ and python , working at a real estate company with kubernetes and Kafka , the genesis of LittleHorse from experiencing challenges with distributed microservices and workflow management, LittleHorse as an open source workflow orchestration engine using Kafka as a commit log rather than a message queue, building a custom distributed database optimized for workflow orchestration, the recent move to fully open source licensing, comparison with AWS Step Functions but with more capabilities and open source benefits, using RocksDB and Kafka Streams for the underlying implementation, performance metrics of 12-40ms latency between tasks and hundreds of tasks per second, the multi-tenant architecture allowing for serverless offerings, integration with Kafka for event-driven architectures, the distinction between orchestration and choreography in distributed systems, using Java 21 with benefits from virtual threads and generational garbage collection, plans for Java 25 adoption, the naming story behind "Little Horse" and its competition with MuleSoft, the Sun Microsystems legacy and innovation culture, recent adoption of Quarkus for some components, the "Know Your Customer" flow as the Hello World example for Little Horse, the importance of observability and durability in workflow management, plans for serverless offerings and multi-tenant architecture, the balance between open source core and commercial offerings Colt McNealy on twitter: @coltmcnealy…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Francesco Nigro ( @forked_franz ) about: JCTools as a Java concurrency utility library created by Nitsan Wakart, the history of JCTools and how Cliff Click donated his non-blocking HashMap algorithm to the project, contributions to JCTools including weight-free queue implementations, Apache Storm vs. Apache Kafka , explanation of how JCTools improves upon Java's standard concurrent queues by reducing garbage creation and optimizing memory layout, the difference between linked node implementations in standard Java collections versus array-based implementations in JCTools, detailed explanation of linearizability as a property of concurrent algorithms, the challenges of implementing concurrent data structures that maintain proper ordering guarantees, explanation of lock-free versus wait-free algorithms and their progress guarantees, discussion of the xadd instruction in x86 processors and how it's used in JCTools for atomic operations, the implementation of MessagePassingQueue API in JCTools that provides relaxed guarantees for better performance, comparison between JCTools and other solutions like Disruptor , explanation of how JCTools achieves 400 million operations per second in single-producer single-consumer scenarios, discussion of cooperative algorithms for multi-producer scenarios, the use of padding to avoid false sharing in concurrent data structures, the implementation of code generation in JCTools to create different flavors of queues, the use of Unsafe and AtomicLongFieldUpdater for low-level operations, real-world applications in high-frequency trading and medical data processing, integration of JCTools with quarkus and mutiny frameworks, the importance of proper memory layout for performance Francesco Nigro on twitter: @forked_franz…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Volker Simonis ( @volker_simonis ) about: discussion about carnivorous plants, explanation of how different carnivorous plants capture prey through movement, glue, or digestive fluids, Utricularia uses vacuum to catch prey underwater, SAP's interest in developing their own JVM around Java 1.4/1.5 era, challenges with SAP's NetWeaver Java EE stack, difficulties maintaining Java across multiple Unix platforms (HP-UX, AIX, S390, Solaris) with different vendor JVMs, SAP's decision to license Sun's HotSpot source code, porting Hotspot to PA-RISC architecture on HP-UX, explanation of C++ interpreter versus Template interpreter in Hotspot, challenges with platform-specific C++ compilers and assembler code, detailed explanation of JVM internals including deoptimization, inlining, and safe points, SAP's contributions to openJDK including PowerPC port, challenges getting SAP to embrace open source, delays caused by Oracle's acquisition of Sun, SAP's extensive JVM porting work across multiple platforms, development of SAP JVM with additional features like profiling safe points, creation of SAP Machine as an open-source OpenJDK distribution, explanation of Java certification and trademark restrictions, Hotspot Express model allowing newer VM components in older Java versions, Volker's move to Amazon Corretto team after 15 years at SAP, brief discussion of ABAP versus Java at SAP, Volker's recent interest in GraalVM and native image technologies Volker Simonis on twitter: @volker_simonis…

An airhacks.fm conversation with Richard Bair ( @RichardBair ) about: discussion about Hedera public ledger and its underlying technology, explanation of Hashgraph algorithm for consensus and transaction ordering, comparison to other blockchain technologies like Bitcoin and ethereum , Hedera's democratic approach to block production versus leader-based systems, the Linux Foundation project called Hiero where Hedera's code is being moved, explanation of how nodes gossip transactions and come to consensus, the role of the Hedera Governing Council including companies like Dell and IBM, discussion of HBAR as the native token and fee system, comparison of Hedera's fixed dollar-denominated fees versus fluctuating fees in other blockchains, explanation of staking mechanism and how it creates a representative democracy for node selection, technical details about Hedera's Java implementation using Java 21 and modern language features, use of ZGC garbage collector with 200GB heap on consensus nodes, deployment on Linux using docker , discussion of Java modules and challenges with libraries like Netty , custom Protobuf to Java compiler called PBJ for performance optimization, consideration of replacing Netty with Helidon for better virtual thread support, discussion of supply chain security concerns and minimizing dependencies, custom logging implementation to avoid bloated frameworks like Log4j, importance of deterministic code execution across all nodes, challenges of distributed systems where iteration order must be consistent, explanation of node synchronization mechanisms when nodes fall behind, comparison to serverless cloud pricing models, discussion of vertical versus horizontal scaling in blockchain systems Richard Bair on twitter: @RichardBair…