Atma Bodha, Verse 10: The verse explains how the limitless Self (Ātmā) appears limited through upādhi (limiting adjunct) using the space analogy: just as space appears divided by containers while remaining undivided, Awareness appears confined by body-mind while remaining unlimited. This teaching unfolds through several key points: (1) Space analogy shows how something limitless appears limited – space existed before bottle, remains unaffected during bottle's existence, and isn't “freed” when bottle breaks; (2) Similarly, Awareness exists before body-mind appears, remains unaffected by body-mind experiences, and doesn't “die” with body; (3) Understanding upādhi/upahita relationship – upādhi (limiting adjunct) lends its attributes, while upahita (limited appearance) seems to take on those attributes, like crystal appearing red due to red cloth; (4) Forms are upādhis to Brahman – they lend their appearances making us see only forms, not the underlying Brahman; (5) When a form is taken as absolute reality rather than mithyā, it becomes an upādhi hiding one's true nature.

Atma Bodha, Verse 11: Social identities like caste, color, and life-stages (āśramas) are superimposed on the Self through upādhis, just as water appears to take on different colors and tastes. The four āśramas happen in the upādhi level, not in Ātmā. These divisions exist at the empirical level but aren't intrinsic to one's true nature.

Atma Bodha, Verse 12: The physical body is composed of the five elements (pañcīkṛta mahābhūta) and manifests due to accumulated past actions (sañcita-karma). It serves as the instrument for experiencing pleasure and pain (sukha-duḥkha). Sañcita-karma determines one's circumstances, creating both immediate (dṛṣṭa) and future (adṛṣṭa) results. Liberation occurs when identity shifts from the individual with karma to the actionless Ātmā.

See complete program by Andre Vas at: https://www.yesvedanta.com/atma-bodha/